Scientists have long sought to explain a key mismatch in Earth's early history: oxygen-producing photosynthesis evolved ...

Illustration of Fe(II)-enhanced phosphate adsorption onto phyllosilicates in Archean iron-rich oceans, a process that may have limited marine ...

Scientists still have many questions about the earliest years of our planet. Earth formed about 4.55 billion years ago, but almost no rocks from that time have survived. Without those ancient rocks, ...

How did life begin on Earth? While scientists have theories, they don't yet fully understand the precise chemical steps that led to biology, or when the first primitive life forms appeared. But what ...